Is The Mongoose Really Immune To Snake Venom?
Every time you talk about mongoose, you talk about snakes also. In ancient Indian medical books, mongoose is called "Sarpa-vaidhya" ( Snake Doctor). In ancient Egypt mongoose was worshiped. Aristotle noted that mongooses acquired an artificial armor by rolling in water and dirt or mud and drying their coat before attacking a snake. In India a popular belief prevailing is that mongooses use a herb to overcome deadly effects of snake poison.
Mongoose is a small short legged carnivorous animal. It is an expert in fighting. In the fight with snakes, the mongoose employs various tactics. It turns swiftly away from the snake who is about to bite. The mongoose is capable of lifting up the hairs in its body. This helps the mongoose to look bigger than its size. Besides, the snake cannot bite through the fur.
They attack and kill poisonous snake. They depend on speed and agility, darting upon the head of the snake and cracking the skull with a powerful bite. They aren't immune to venom, as popularly believed, nor do they seek and eat a herbal remedy if bitten.
The mongoose will have pounced on the snake before it raises its hood after one futile strike. Mongoose can kill and eat even very poisonous snake.
The mongoose is, in fact, resistant to snake venom. One of the most deadly components of cobra venom is the alpha-neurotoxin. It blocks signaling from the neurons to muscles, causing the infected animal to stop breathing. Specifically, it does this by binding to and negatively regulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity. Neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine as a signal to the muscles, and the muscles sense it with the acetylcholine receptor and are activated. The mongoose has several mutations in the acetylcholine receptor that prevent binding of alpha-neurotoxin to the receptor, without of course blocking the binding of acetylcholine. See: Barchan et al. 1992 "How the mongoose can fight the snake: the binding-site of the mongoose acetylcholine-receptor." PNAS 89(16) 7717-7721.
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